Adjustment device for the measuring spindles of micrometers, measuring machines, andthe like



A-DI USTMENT DEVICE IIIEASIIRING MACHINES, AND THE LIKE.

` APPLICATION FILED DE02, 191B. M4131 Patented (Ict. II), 1922..

' 2 SHEETS-SHEE`I I.

afg E,

CARL EDV/WD JOHAMSSQI! c. E. JUHANssoN. ADJUSTMENT DEVICE FOR ITHEMEASURING SPINDLES'OF MICROIVIETERS,

IVIEASURING MACHINES, AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.2, 1918. Paemted Oct, M, 1922.,

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

IIABL@ Mfr/@M l CARL EDVMDJOHANSSON Patented @et im, ldd.

CARL EDVARD JOHANSSN, OF ESKLSTUNA, SWEDEN.

g .emessi/Inns.inni/'renuncie "inn ivniesnnnvs-srinnnns orvirion-caresses, iiinasnnnve `justment device for the measuring spindlesomici-oineters, measuringmachines, and the like in which thelongitudinally movable `nieasuring spindle is adjustable intodiliifiacnrivns, ann riin Linn.

` imputation sied December 2, isis; seriai no. 264,997.

To ill/whom "it may conce/ui v `Be it known that l, CARL Envase Josiane@son, asubject of the `liing ot Sweden, residing at Esl-rilstuna, in theTKingdom of Sweden, haveinvented a new and useful lm- ],rovementinAdjustment Devices for theV lilfeasuring vSpindles of ll/licromet'ers,Measuring Machines, and the like, of which 'the i'lllovfingA isaspecilication.

The present invention relatesto an adiierent definite positions.

lthas already been proposed to provide the anvil-spindle oimicrometer-calipers with lugs `(zo-operating with a corresponding notchin the guide ol? the spindle on the principle oli' a bayonet-loclnsothat the measuring range of the micrometer may be varied by adjustmentoi the anvil-spindle. For e'E- "lecting in this `manner an accurateadjustment of the anvilspindle, however, it" is oli` course necessarytliattlie lugs and the notch have exactly the saine width so thatwhenthey'are in engagement with one another,

lhe anvil-spindle is completely prevented "from evcnthe very slightestmovement in its longitudinal direction. ln practice, however, it is verydifficult to inalre the lugsand the notches of the-necessaryaccuratewidth and'shapc when, as in the old -adjijistment device of thistype, thelugs "are made integral with the spindle, and the notch madedirectly in theguide.

The purpose of thepiesentinvention is to avoid the said diliiculty andto provide an adjustment deviceof the kind referred 'to by means ofwhich an adjustment of the `anvilespindle sufficiently accurate for eventhe veiylinest andaccurate measuring tools `is rendered possible. Forthis purpose the .invention is broadly characterized bythis *that thelugs. `or the notches, or both the lugs and the notches are forinedbyplane disks, or end measuring blocks, placed in a row abutting oneanother andhaving equal thickness but different shape or positions. 1cdisks are made with plane and accui `parallel: 'surfaces siinilar to thein "ltor's wellelrnown combinable `end measuriiig blocks, "and whenplaced together they :form a roinbinatioii end-measure with accuratelyfixed stops which determine the va rious positions of the anvil-spindle.A@ cordingly', the 4present adjustment device is particularly adaptedfor micrometer-calipers with a dillerential screw and for accuratemeasuring machin-es. bination of the parts oit the bayonet-lock theadvantage is also gained that disks which have been damaged or worn by.long use, may easily be exchanged.

- `ln the accompanying drawings a lew embodiments ol-` the invention areshown by way of example. Fig. l shows a longitudinal section to enlargedscale of a micrometer wit-ha differential screw and with an adjustmentdevice according to the present invention, `and Fig. 2 shows anelevation of the'micrometer. Figs. 3 and l show details of theadjustnientdevice. Figs. 5 to "l show an accurate measuring machineprovided with adjustment devices according to bearing pressureindicating device.`

The-micrometer illustrated in Figs. l 4to is provided in the usualmanner with two measuring spindles l and 2 placed opposite one another,the former of which is adjusted "bymeans Acfa differential screw in awelllniownmanner, that is to say by means of By the described coini twoscrews having different pitches, the adjustineut of the measuringspindle Zbeing eiiected by means of an adjustment device `accordingtothe present invention. The

measuring spindles l and 2 are movable longitudinallyin guide sleeves 3and il, which sleeves are removably mounted in the frame 5 `oil themicrometer, the said frame being provided withbores having split walls,as shownl in Fig. Q, into which bores the sleeves 3 and lmaybeintroduced and secured by tightening the am screws G and 7.

fThe' measuring spindle l ismovable longitudinally but isnot rotatablein its guide sleeve 3, the rotation of the spindle being `preventedbyapin 8 secured in the wall of the sleeve, which pin engages alongitudinal groove 9 in the spindle l. The measuring spindle l isprovided with a screw thread 10 engaging`anl interior screw thread in asleeve 11. This sleeve 11 which is rigidly secured to the measuring drum12 by means of a threaded j am plug 13, is also provided with anexterior screw thread 14 engaging an interior screw thread in thestationary guide sleeve 3. This last mentioned sleeve '5, as well as thesleeve 11, is slotted in a wellknown manner, though not shown in thedrawing, and each of said sleeves is provided with a slightly conicaljam nut 15, and 16 respectively, in order to provide'against lost motionin the threads. The interior screw thread'of the guide sleeve 3 and theexterior screw thread 1d: of the sleeve 11 which threads engage oneanother, have of course equall pitch, and the interior screw threadofthe sleeve11 and the screw thread 10 of the measuring spindle havealso equal pitch. 0n the other hand, the exterior screw thread A- andthe interior vscrew, thread of the sleeve. `11 have different pitches7the first named thread having the greater pitch in the embodimentillustrated in which all screw threads are right-hand threads.

In the drawing it has been assumed that the measuring spindle 1 occupieslits Zero position, thus protruding its greatest distance to the lettfrom `the guide sleeve 3. Now, if it is desired to retract the measuringspindle 1 to they right rit is only necessary in the usualmanner to turnthe. measuring drum v12 in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig.2, the sleeve 11 rigidly connected to the measuring drum `taking part inthis movement. Owing to the engagement between the exterior thread 141of the sleeve 11 `and the interior thread of the stationary guide sleeve3, however, the sleeve 11 is simultaneously moved to the right and, themeasuring spindle 1 being prevented from turning, the sleeve 11 willalso turn around the measuring spindle. If it be assumed that the pitchof the exterior thread 14 and thus also o1c theinterior thread of thesleeve 3 is 0.5 mm., the sleeve 11 will thus be moved 0.5 mm. to theright on each rotation of the measuring drum 12. If, for instance, thepitch otthe interior thread of the sleeve 11 and thus also of the thread100i the spindle 1 was equal to naught, the measuring spindle 1 would ofcourse also be moved 0.5 mm. to theright on each rotation of themeasuring drum 12. Onthe other hand, it the pitch of the interior threadot the sleeve 11 and of the thread 10 was also 0.5 mm. there would be nomovement of the measuring spindle. In the instance shown, however, thepitch o the Vinterior thread Iof the sleeve 11 and of thethread of themeasuring spindle is 0.45 mm.,lconsequently on each full rotation of themeasuring drum12 jin the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2 thespindle 1 will be moved a distance equal to the difterence between thepitches, that is to say 0.05 mm. to the right, the drum 12 itself beingmoved 0.5 nim. to the right. In similar manner, when turning the drum 12a full rotation in the opposite direction, the spindle 1 will be moved0.05 mm. to the left. The longitudinal movement of the measuring spindle1 thus only amounts to one-tenth of the movement of the measuring drum.If the measuring drum 12 is divided at its circumference into 50divisions in the usual manner, the guide sleeve 3 being provided with agraduation 17 indicating the movement of the. measuring spindle 1 oneach rotation of the drum, the said graduation being' showndiagrammatically in Fig. 2 opposite the drum, it is thus possible withthis micrometer exactly to read longitudinal movements of 0.001 mm. ofthe measuring siindle, corresponding to the turning of the measuringdrum from one division to the one next following.

Gn account ot this great ditlercncc between the longitudinal. movementot the spindle and the longitudinal movement ot the measuring drum whichlatter movement is limited by the length oi'I the screw thread, themicrometer referred to would have onl)7 a very small range o1measurement, about 2 to mm., iii the anvil-spindle 2 were rigidlysecured in the trame In order` to obtain a range of measuringsullicient'for practical purposes it is necessary to make also the spindle 2adjustable. For this purpose the said spindle 2 is provided with threelugs which may be brought into engagen'ient with corresponding notches19 in the guide sleeve The lugs consist oit three plane disks 18 whichin the instance shown have similar shape, as illustrated in Fig. 4, andexactly equal thickness, 'for instance 1 mm. Each disk 18 is providedwith a hole 20 so that it may be pushed onto the spindle 2, and it isprevented from turning on the spindle by longitudinal keys on thespindle which keys engage corresponding notches 20 in the disk. Thethree disks 18 are placed on the spindle so as to iorm lugs alternatelydirected in one and the other direction. In Fig. 1 the two outer disksare thus directed upwards whereas the middle disk is directedvdownwards. forced against one another and against a shoulder 22 on thespindle by a sleeve 21 on said spindle so that they are prevented frommoving longitudinally as well as 'from turning on the spindle. Finally.a drum 23 resembling` the measuring drum 12 mounted on the spindle 2.all paris on thc spindle being held together by ni ans olf a nut 24.

In similai` manner the notches 19 are formed by plane disks 25 placed ina row abutting one another. the said disks having the shape shown inFig. 3 and having the same thickness as the disks 18, i. e. inY thisinstance 1 mm. Each disk is provided with a large central aperture whichis not com- The disks 1S are inertes j ri plete'ly circular, there beingleft segment` 26 in each disk. The said disks are introducedinto theguide sleeve 4 in such inanner that the segments 26 arrive alternatelyon the one and on the other side of the longitudinal axis ofthe sleeve4l, a notch 19 being thus formed between each pair of adjacent segments.The notches of the two rowsivill thus be staggered by a distance of 1min. relatively to one another. The `disks 25 are forced againstoneanother and are retained in the guide sleeve l by means of a nut 27, thedisks being prevented from. turning by longitudinal keys provided inthe. guide sleeve, but not shown inthe drawing, which keys engagecorresponding 'grooves 28 at the circumference of the disks 25.`

-The disks 18 on the spindle 2 and the apertures in the stationary disks25' have such shape and size that the'spindle 2 may be freely moved inits longitudinal direction when turned in such position that the lugs 18extend in horizontal direction and are thus disengaged from the notches19. The

spindle 2 may thus be moved to any such position that the lugs 18 arriveopposite corresponding notches 19, after which the spini dle may besecured in such position by being turned a quarter of a full rotation,as with an ordinary bayonet-lock. rlhe said turning of the measuringspindle a quarter of a rotation is to be made to the right in oneposition, to the left in the next following posi tion, and again totheright in the succeeding position, and so forth. lWhen, as in the presentinstance, all disks 18 and25 have athickness of 1 mm. and the lugs onthe spindle 2 aswell as the notches 19 are alternately located on theone and on the other side of the spindle, this spindle `2 may obviouslybe adjusted and securedinto definite positions at adistance of1 min.from one another. In order to facilitate the said adjustment the guidesleeve Il is provided with a graduation 8O divided into Wholemillimeters.

The disks 18 on the spindle 2 should preferably be at least tWo innumber in order to obtain a symmetrical engagement of the lugs into thenotches 19. Theoretically, it

would of course be sufficient to provide a` single disk for securing thespindle 2 in adjusted position, but when turning such single disk into anotch having, exactly theV Work, a rough adjustment of the spindle 2 onWhole millimeters is first made by means of the described adjustmentdevice. lifter- Wards the accurate adjustment of the spindle 1 ise'ected iii ordinary mannerby turning the measuring drum l2. The readingof Whole millimeters is afterwards ma de on the grad-` vice for thespindle 2 it is thus possible `to construct a micrometer having a verylarge range of measurement, in view of the possibility of increasing asdesired thenumber of the disks 25 and thus also of the notches Withwhich the lugs on the spindle 2 areto engage. liurtherinore, there is ofcourse no objection to selecting a somewhat greater thickness of thedisks 18 and 25, provided that such increase of the thickness is notcarried beyond such limits that the measuring steps of the adjustmentdevice may be covered by the differential screw. In instruments whichare to be given a particu. larly large range of measurement it is thussuitable to provide two or more adjustment devices having differentmeasuring steps.

The machine for accurate measuring illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9 showssuoli an application of the subject of the invention. `The tivomeasuring spindles 31 and82 ofthe machine are adjustably journalled insupports and 34C respectively. The fine adjustment of the measuringspindle 31 is edected by means of a differential screw 35, for instanceof a construction similar to that doscribed above with reference toFig. 1. lu addition, however, the two supports 83 and 34C are adjustablein the longitudinal direction of the measuring spindles by means ofadjustment devices of the construction above described. j

` Two shafts 37 and 38 preferably hollow are rotatably joui-nailed inthe frame 36 of the machine. rlfhe said shafts are placed in alignmentwith one another, and in the embodiment illustrated the left-hand end ofthe longer shaft 38 engages a corresponding `bore in the right-hand endof the shorter shaft 37. @ranks 39 and l0 `are secured to the ends ofthe shafts projecting outside the frame, .by means of which cranks theshafts inay be turned independently of one another. Springactuated pinsl1 and 42 are journalled in the cranks, which pins are capable ofengaging `holes in the stationary frame, for locking the shaftsinadjusted positions.` Both shafts are located in a trough-shapedchannel 4:3 in the frame, which channel is open at the top and Which maypreferably be Jfilled with oil for the purpose which will be explainedhere beloiv.

Disks 411 are placed on the shaft 3i which disks project alternately toone and to the other side and which may have, for instance, the sameshape and be prevented from moving longitudinally and turning on theshaft by similar means, as the disks 1S in Fig.L 4. Disks 46, which mayhave the same shape and be prevented from rotatingyin the same manner asdisks 25 shown in Figs. l and 3, are mounted between sleeves 45 in thelowerportion of support 33, said sleeves surrounding the shaft 37 andbeing shrunk into support 33 and retained in position by means of nut6l, as show i in Fig. 8. In the embodiments illustrated, five disks 46are shown. These disks have the same shape as the disks 25 in F19'.

and the segments lett at the edge ofthe apertures of the disks, whichsegments form the notches co-operating with the disks 44, are also inthis instance located alternately on the one and on the other side ofthe shaft. Vihen the shaft 37 is turned into such position that theprojecting portions of the disks 44 may pass the segments ot the disks46, it is thus possible to move the support 33 into desired position,when it may be secured in the adjusted position by turning the shaft 37a quarter et a full rotation to the right or to 'the lett. Theengagement between the disks 44 and 4G thus produced is facilitated byall disks being immersed in oil. Moreover, by means ot the oil,Variations in temperature which may occur, Will become distributed asuni'l'ormly as possible to all disks.

In similar manner disks 47 projecting alternately to the one and to theother side are placed on the long shaft 38, said disks co-operating withnotches formed by tive disks 48. These latter disks are held togetherfor instance by means of a screw 60, the two outer disks extendingupwards and forming the support 34 for the measuring spindle 32. SaidAspindle 32 is actuated by a spring 49 and presses against the pointer 50which turns on the pivot 64 and isaetuated by a spring 65 and issupported by the arm 66 of the scale 51, said arm being secured to thesupport as shown in Fig. 9. The bearing pressure between the measuringspindle and the piece of work will be indicated by the pointer 50 on thescale 5l as will be clear. rlhis pressure-indicating device, however,may et course be replaced by any other device iter similar ,Whenmeasuring a piece of work the first rough adjustment is made in steps ofl0 mm.

by means ot the right-hand adjustment device in Fig. 5, the support 34being thus adjusted and secured in the required definite position. Thesupport 33 is afterwards adjusted by means of the lelt-haiul adjustmentdevice in Fig. 5 on the required Q mm. step, and is secured in suchposition by turning the shaitt 37 a quarter ot a .full rotation to theright or to the le'lt. Finally, the last precise adjustment olf' thespindle 3l is etiiected by means of the di'l'terential screw 35, whencare should be taken that this screw is turned so tar that the pointer50 indicates the proper bearing pressure. The reading is atterwards madeon several different graduations not shown in the drawing, in similarmanner as above described.

ln order to guide the supports 33 and 3ft during their nunf'ement,there, are provided guide channels :3Q in the traine 36. The supportsare provided with laterally extending arms at the outer ends oi whichflat springs 54 or the like are secured, which springs slide in thegrooves 52 when the supports are moved, it being necessary that theguiding means possess a certain fiexibility or springiness in order tofacilitate the engagement ol.1 the adjusting devices and in order thatthe positions ol the supports, when the engagement has been effected,may vo determined exclusively by the disks on the two shafts 37 and 3S.

In order to obtain the large range ot Ineasurenu-znt ot about l. to Q m.necessary in measuring machines et precision, the shaft 3S carrying thethick disks must have a con sir'lerable length. Such a. long shaft withdisks secured thereto having a comparatively heavy uf'eight, even if theshaft is hollow or tubular, it is necessary in order to prevent theshatt trom bendin to support the shaft at one point or at severalpoints. As shown in Fig. pistons 55 movable in vertical direction arefor this purpose provided in the bottom of the channel 43, the upperroofshaped ends of which pistons serve to support the sha-tt 38. Thepistons are actuated by springs 5G which tend to move the pistonsupward, and the tension o'fi which may be regulated by means oiadjustment screws 57 in such manner that the pistons support the weightet the shaitt 38 and ot the disks secured thereto. lVhen the support 34with its ring-shaped disks 43 is moved past such a point oi" support,the piston is automatically depressed owing to the root-shaped upper endet the same, again to be pushed upwards until it will again bear againstthe disks on the shaft.

The embodiments illustrated may` course, be modilied in several respectswithout departing from the principle of the invention. For instance. inthe measuring machine according to Fig. 5 the measuring spindle 32 maybe provided With an adofv assises justment device having asmallermeasuring step than that of the device 44,46.

From the above description it will be understood that by locating thenotches alter nately to the one and to the other side of the spindleonly halt as long adjustment steps will be obtained, with a giventhickness of the disks, as il the disks were located in a row only toone side oi the spindle, in which case the step becomes equal to twicethe thickness of a disk. By providing two rows of notches diametricallyopposite one another the size ott the steps is thus decreased to onehalt.` lt is obvious, however, that the circumference of thecircle maybe divided into still smaller portions, and that more than two rows ofnotches may thus be provided, and it also in this case the notches o'lthe different rows arel displaced relatively to one another by verysmall `distances it will j most accurate `micrometer screw may be sub'`stituted by a step adjustment device accord wing l. lin a measuringapparatus, the coinbij to the present invention.`

claim:

nation of a `trame, aineasuring spindle capab-le ot adjustmentlongitudinally in said frame, at least one lug 0n said Spindle, and`lugs in said frame co-operating with said lug-on said spindle, at leastone set of said co-operating lugs being formed by plane disks of equalthickness placed in a row abutting one another, said lug on said spindlebeing adapted to engage said lugs in said Y iframe by rotation of saidspindle.

2. In a measuring apparatus, the combi nation of a vframe, a: measuringspindle ca" pable of adjustment longitudinally in said frame, at leastone lug on said spindle, and

`lugs in said traine co-operating with said lugs on said spindle, saidlugs in said traine being 'formed by plane disks of equal thicknessplaced in a row abutting one another, said lug on said spindle beingadaptedto engage said lugs in said trarne by rotation of said spindle.

3. ln a measuring apparatus, `the combi- `on said spint.

nation of a tram-2 a measuring spindle ca pable oit adjustmentlongitudinally and of turning in said trame, lugs on said spindleprojecting alternately in different directions, and lugs in said trarneco-operating with said lugs on said spindle, and forming notches locatedaltergiately in different di rections, atleast one set oit said(1o-operating lugs being `torn/red by plane disks of equal thicknessplaced in a row abutting one another, :for the purpose ot effecting asimultaneous :agement of all ol` said lugs VAo with said notches in saidfreine when turning the spindle.

d. ln a measuring apparatus, the combination ot a. train@ a measuringspindle capablo oli adjustment longitudinally and of turning'in saidiframe, lugs on said spindle projecting alternately in differentdirections, and lugs in said. traine coeoperating with said lugs on saidspindle, at least one set oi? said cO-opei'ating lugs being formed byplane disks of equal thickness placed in a row abutting one another, thelugs in said frame forming notches located alternately in differentdirections in a plurality of rows around said spindle, the notches ofsaid different rows being staggered relatively to one another.

5. ln a measuring apparatus, the combination olz a Ytraine, a measuringspindle capable ot adjustment longitudinally in said` iframe, at leastone lug on said spindle, lugs in said :traine cooperating with said lugon said spindle, at least one set oit' said cooperating lugs beingformed by plane disks of equal thickness placed in a row `abutting oneanother, and a resilient support for said spindle in said iframe. j

6. ln a measuring apparatus, the co1nbination oit a frame, a measuringspindle capable ot adjustment longitudinally in said frame, at least onelug on said spindle, lugs in said trarne cooperating with said lug onsaid spindle, at least one set ot' said cooperA ating lugs being formedby plane disks of equal thickness placed in a row abutting one another,and said trame forming a container for oil surrounding Said spindle.

lill i

